Religion an Example by

Religion The concept of religion has been on trial frequently within world history. The establishment of conflicting religions based on geographical and cultural roots has led to conflicts on the world stage over our supernatural beliefs. Although the question of how religion has affected our lives is one that is posed by cultural, social and media outlets on a daily basis, the question of how and why our own unique human experiences has shaped and molded religion is seldom asked. The inception of religion in civilization is highly developed however, the influence of human experience on the formation of supernatural gods is undeniable. The primordial development of religion based on natural elements such as water, fire, and air are common themes among all religions. Therefore to insinuate that human experience is one of the crucial elements that delineate how a religious belief is developed is neither far fetched nor improbable. This paper will attempt to assess the extent of the role that hu man experience has played within the development of religious beliefs. Through a careful analysis of human experience in the historical past and the relationship between deity and humans themselves, we will establish how the human experience plays a crucial role in the formation of religious beliefs. Need essay sample on "Religion" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Frequently Tell EssayLab support: How much do I have to pay someone to write my essay in time? Professional writers propose: Academic Papers For Students Human experience had a substantial effect on the religious beliefs of early civilizations. The deities of early civilizations were primarily reliant on their relationship to the major elements. In Egyptian religion, one of the first discovered forms of organized religion, the primary deity was Ra, the Sun God (Hawking, 13). The elevation of a god of the elements exhibits the connections that early civilizations made between nature and the supernatural. The creation of the deity Ra strongly relates to the Egyptians experiences within the desert, where the Sun is the powerful force that drives the desert life. By deifying the sun as a God, the Egyptian people relied on their experience within the natural elements and elevated its status to deity. The importance of this realization is that the earlier civilizations deified particular elements that had a significant impact on their lives. Elements like the sun, the moon, the stars, and other natural elements became important deities base d on their relative importance in the lives of the citizens within the civilization. These particular polytheistic religions use deities to explain the concepts of nature that they did not have the capacity to understand at the time. Professor William James, an expert on Egyptian deities explains, The early Egyptians created Ra and his counter parts to explain the cycles of the sun and the odd behavior of the weather. By casting the elements they did not understand into the supernatural realm lent them a sense of comfort. The creation of early Egyptian deities assuaged the fear of the people and provided a procedure to assuage the Gods and change the path of natural elements (James, 231). Harts observation that religion lends humanity the vehicle to change natural elements is extremely crucial. Early civilizations such as the Egyptians lacked the ability to control neither natural elements nor the advanced understanding of geology and biology to understand how they occur. Without th is knowledge, many lived in constant terror of the unknown. Religion provided these people with an explanation for the natural disasters that occurred each season, and it provided them an outlet and procedure to deal with their fears. Religion therefore, served as a vehicle to reduce psychological fear. The deification of important resources reveals the role of human experience on developing religions. Early civilization religions often included deities for the elements of water, fire, air, earth. These elements are viewed as the most basic ingredients for life and therefore as the foundation of every civilization. For these early civilizations, the elevation of important elements into deity status allowed them to formalize an oral tradition of history. Without the ability to create new deities to explain the past, civilizations lack the sense of identity that bonds them together. Through the creation of elemental deities, civilizations capitalized on their understanding that their need for basic elements must be controlled by the supernatural. Michael Molloy argues, The conversion of the elements into Gods exhibits the human characteristic of explaining the unknown through mysticism. The evolution of human society and its progress in knowledge slowly eliminates primordial Gods as t heir mysticism vanishes (Molloy, 212). Human understanding has contributed greatly to the reduction of deities, the once polytheistic religions of the past have been supplemented by monotheisms. This change has largely been due to the increase in human understanding as our knowledge and science progress. By understanding the development of weather patterns, astronomy and other aspects of the world are natural parts of a balanced biological system, we take away the mysticism associated with it. Through this process, humanity no longer relies on religion to explain these phenomena and the deities associated with them quickly crumbles. Therefore, human experience is extremely influential on the development of religion because humanity uses religion as a tool for greater understanding. As civilization develops to the stage where it has only a shallow understanding of the natural world, the citizens create deities to fill the knowledge gaps that are missing within the civilizations understanding. When time passes and the biolo gical and physiological growth of the civilization expands, deities that once appeared mystical are cast off. Human experience contributes to both the creation of deities and the destruction of deities, as both are related to the gathering of knowledge and understanding. An anthropological examination of religion reveals that it approaches the subject of human experiences influence on religion as quite different. Religion can be viewed as a proto-science in the sense that it serves as a, primitive attempt to explain and predict phenomena in the natural world, analogous to modern science (Kirkpatrick, 31). Although this viewpoint has been hotly contested, the basic precept that religion is interpreted the through the social context as the actions of the believers themselves is still universally accepted. The implication is that religion rather than being valuable in and of itself, serves as the mechanism that individuals use to interpret their moral, ethical and political reasoning. While human experiences affect the development and creation of deities within religion, it also has a significant impact on the creation of scripture and codes. The creation of religious text is the fundamental step to establishing the practicing beliefs and rules of the particular religion. These moral codes provoke greater belief by creating common bonds among believers and form the important basis for unity within organized religion. These codes are created through the context of human experience by encoding instructions or habits that are useful to human survival. Thus religious codes such as the prohibition against violence are codified instructions to prevent the destruction of social order and to promote internal harmony. Therefore the importance of these particular codes of conduct is created to further the welfare of the community. The Dogma Selection Model shows that religions promote instructions that caters to human survival instincts and as a result mutates periodically to cater to the growth of social codes and situations (Kirkpatrick, 21). The creation of scriptures and religious documents are all representatives of the creation of rules to restrict the actions of believers in order to benefit the community as a whole. These codes of conduct are all based upon human experience within the social setting as they use their social experience to mold religious codes to reflect the beliefs of non aggression and harmony that many religions promote. Within the modern context, the development of human experience has had a profound effect on the interpretation and codification of religion. Since the original creation of religions is created from the foundation of mysticism and ill conceived notions of the world, religion has had to evolve with the changing human experience and understanding. This perhaps the biggest indicator of how human experience impacts religious development. The process of scientific achievement is a major indicator of the growth within religion. Within the dominating Christian religion, the belief in an earth center universe was strongly impressed upon believers through interpretations of the Holy Scripture, the bible. However, the development of evidence in the period between the 13th and the 16th century definitively showed that the universe is indeed heliocentric. The evolution of the concepts of science and the progression of knowledge has forced religion to shift its interpretation of their scripture an d the reevaluation of their role within society. As evolutionary theory has shown, the development of counter religious scientific evidence does not destroy religion but rather changes the interpretation and the nature of faith within the religion. Human experience is also crucial in deciding the role that religion plays within society. Historically speaking, the development of religion has seen a parallel to the development of political and social power. While early civilizations elevated the priesthood and religion in general to the elite status of political power, the shifting demand of societal change has slowly taken away the political power of religion. As the development of society matures into more structured environment, Religion begins to take a backseat to political and socially implemented codes of conduct. The nature of religion is that its influence constricts as its believers begin to recognize the limitations of religious doctrine. Therefore the nature of religion is to adjust itself to occupy its established role by its believers (Hocking, 21). As the progression of human society moves towards more unified communal rules and regulations, the role of religion begins to change into a purely spiritual role rather than the original code of ethics that it represents. Religion is seen as an extremely flexible tool, while it can be seen as a mechanism for advancing social and political aims, as our modern society moves towards greater social regulation, religion can also become a tool for purely spiritual regulation. The existence of religion within the social context takes the role of both art and creativity. Religion becomes an avenue for individuals to explore their artistic and spiritual roots. As Professor Molloy points out, Human beings have a need to see out and create artistic forms of expression. Religion helps stimulate art, music and dance and it has been the inspirational source of some of the most imaginative buildings in the world (Molloy 3). Molloy argues that the role of religion in our lives is to inspire, and art work is a recreation and interpretation of religion. Therefore, as human experience through artwork grows so does the spiritual progression and the power of religion expand. The intertwining influence once again exhibits how religion is used as a tool to encourage aesthetic appreciation. Through the promotion of art and spirituality, religion allows humanity to become inspired by causes rather and through the process of human creations, religion encompasses a bigger par t of our lives because they are the inspiration for the creations themselves. In effect, religion and human experience in relation to art and creativity becomes a symbiotic relationship, as religion influences artistic creativity and in turn the art influences the spiritual belief and the interpretation of religion. Therefore the human response to its innate desire to create art is the formation of complicated religious landscapes in which only the artistic realm can interpret. Religion from early civilizations has been affected by cave paintings to the construction of Mayan temples, and through these art mediums, we have come to understand and appreciate the pagan religions of the past. The construction of human religion has also deep ties with the human fear of mortality. Human experience through suffering and death has a strong influence on the development of religion and its expansion. When individuals see their kin die, the fear of mortality instills in them the desire and need to create a heathen and afterlife. When humanity has to inevitably face the pain of death, the questions that arise such as the existence of a soul, afterlife, or rebirth can only be answered through an interpretation of religion. Molloy furthers, Religion can help us cope with death, and religious rituals can offer us comfort (Molloy 3). The importance of religion is that it allows humanity to create a protective weave around them to shield them against the reality learned from human experience. The problems that are too difficult to cope with such as mortality are masked through devotion to religion. Without a means to initiate change in early civilizations, religion became the created vehicle to achieve higher enlightenment and to change current hardships into bounty. Therefore, religion gains its main audience from those who have experienced too much pain and fear. The human experience increases the value of having a psychological protection against the unknowable, by swearing allegiance to religion; individuals receive the psychological equivalent of a rock to hang onto in times of extreme fear and doubt. Religion provides the outlet for humanitys despair and as a consequence is deeply influenced by what and how humanity experiences certain issues dealing with our mortality. Religion has changed drastically over the course of human history. From its initial roots within primordial creationism, and early civilizations to the current state of mass media religion and evangelical marathons on television, religion has become deeply cemented into our cultural understanding of the world. The influence of human experiences on the growth and development of religion has truly been profound. Religion was created as the basis for explaining the wonders of the world that were unexplainable. It allowed early civilizations and modern generations to answer questions unknown about the cosmos and our own unique creation. Religion serves as a device to answer the basic questions of, Who we are, where we come from, and where we are going (Molloy 3). Its unique place within our culture as a device for creating fundamental understandings of the world is greatly influenced by human experience. The human experience forces us into difficult questions, and our general curiosity a bout the nature and wonder of life asserts itself in the creation of religion. Religion provides us a common grounds to identify ourselves, it creates a common bond and its scriptures applies as devices to enhance the nature of how we view the world and see ourselves within the limitations of our culture and society. Religion has become an integral part of our lives because it creates the illusion of security and provides answers to the dark places within our understandings. As each new piece of information reaches us, the questions that were purely religious begins to demystify. The process of expanding and compressing religion within world history is the ultimate proof of the influence of human experience upon religious growth and development. Religion grows and shrinks based on our willingness to believe its tenants. As our cultural and scientific understanding grows the role that religion formerly encompasses will decrease significantly. Therefore the concept of religion itself is malleable, and its basis is humanitys growing understanding of the world, and the shifting role that religion plays within that understanding. References Hocking, William Ernest. Meaning of God in Human Experience: A Philosophic Study of Religion. Boston: Kessinger Publishing, 2003. James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature Being the Gifford Lectures... New York: Courier Dover Publications, 2002. Kirkpatrick, Lee A. Attachment, Evolution, And The Psychology Of Religion. Seattle: Guilford Press, 2004. Molloy, M. Experiencing the Worlds Religions: Tradition, Challenge, and Change. Boston: McGraw Hill Publications, 2005.

International Business and Globalization

International Business and Globalization Free Online Research Papers To begin this research paper, the world globalization comes to mind, where in recent times, we have witnessed individuals protesting, worldwide, what they believe is an unfair disparity of the new rewards that are being reaped via the Internet, and globalization. As an International Consultant, this author should like to assume a number of essential claims and necessities which are relevant to obligations toward developing countries, particularly to the CEO of one multinational company, which this author shall regard for purposes of this research paper as being reflective of multinational companies worldwide. To the greatest extent, the obligation at issue herein is humanistic in nature. The CEOs have certain obligations to the organizations they serve. Leadership and vision elastic management terms on which all of our daily lives depend are the most important of those obligations. And to face the challenges of the future, our definitions of leadership and vision must expand even further today and take their part among the critical skills of the CEO. It is the CEO who must take the first step in identifying the critical skills of an organization. The argument for CEO involvement is irrefutable. After all, the organizations they lead are defined by the quality of the people who comprise them. Since most CEOs fully recognize this fact, it seems prudent that they take the next step and build for the future on a more solid foundation of critical skills, from top to bottom, and in the nation’s schools. Your company, like any other, has a cluster of critical skills. It is up to every one of you to identify these skills and use them more effectively. It is one of the most important, yet most fundamental, management decisions you will make in the new millennium (albeit the aforementioned was extracted from an article published in the 1990s). To excel in the global environment, managers must master the following critical skills: Communications; analytical (being able to take a lot of information, sort out the relevant facts, develop findings, draw conclusions, and make recommendations); production; time management; and teamwork. (Jett, 1993, Pg. 22) While the author places great emphasis upon the people, in the view of this author, this view must be taken further. That is to say, that is the have-nots of the world must be more greatly embraced for the benefit of sharing in the new pie that the Internet/global business relations has prepared. It was reported in January 2001 that the ass istant clerk for Merits Briefing walked briskly down the white marble side corridor, away from the tourists and school groups to return to her mahogany desk in the windowless ground floor anteroom to the clerk’s offices in the U.S. Supreme Court building. That same weekend, Simon Billenness was preparing for â€Å"The Battle in Seattle†. The Free Burma Coalition, in which he was a key figure, was part of an unusual gathering of diverse groups planning to protest the negative effects of international trade and globalization during four days of meetings by the World Trade Organization (WTO) beginning on November 3. Joining with anarchists, environmentalists, union members and other activist organizations, these groups would seriously disrupt the Seattle meetings and do the same the following year to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) meetings in Washington, D.C. and Prague, as well as the European Union Summit in Nice. The Seattle protests would become famous for the dichotomy embodied in images of environmentalists in sea turtle costumes and unionists exchanging chants of Turtles Love Teamsters ¡Ã‚ ¨ and  ¡Ã‚ §Teamsters Love Turtles ¡Ã‚ ¨, while masked anarchists vandalized Seattle stores. Billenness involvement with both the globalization concerns and the Massachusetts case went back many years. Several years ago, Billenness, an analyst for an asset management firm specializing in social responsible investment, attended a conference marking the end to the boycott of companies doing business in South Africa following the demise of apartheid. Billenness persuaded Massachusetts Representative Byron Rushing to adapt the Massachusetts anti-apartheid legislation to address Burma, literally substituting one country ¡Ã‚ ¦s name for the other in the new bill. The bill became law two years later, in 1996. It was the constitutionality of this bill that was at issue in the National Foreign Trade Council Case. At the same time, the Free Burma Coal ition and other organizations took to the streets demanding greater accountability from international institutions, such as the WTO and IMF, and the end of an  ¡Ã‚ §era of trade negotiations conducted by sheltered elites balancing competing commercial interests behind closed doors ¡Ã‚ ¨, the Supreme Court began wrestling with a similar problem of balancing governmental and popular interests. In trying to determine whether the Massachusetts ¡Ã‚ ¦ Burma Law was such an irritant to foreign relations that it impinged upon the federal government ¡Ã‚ ¦s foreign affairs powers or whether the state was simply exercising its rights to choose how to spend its citizens ¡Ã‚ ¦ tax revenues in the marketplace, the court, like the WTO and the IMF, grappled with a new balance between governmental interest and democracies a new federalism in a global era. As the Chair of the AFL-CIO International Affairs Committee declared in the wake of the Seattle protests,  ¡Ã‚ §Globalization has re ached a turning point. The future is a contested terrain of very public choices that will shape the world economy of the 21st Century. ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Fitzgerald, 2001, Pg. 11) In point of fact, this is a burning global issue. There actually exists many organizations worldwide who communicate regularly via the Internet. This is a kind of global subculture which is bound and determined to see that everyone shares in the pie, and repetitions as we have seen in other countries (keeping in mind that we are now talking about a global marketplace) including the United States, as well as an even greater litany of third world countries where the gap between the haves and have-nots is in fact a horrendous inequity of humanity, or what might be legitimately termed as  ¡Ã‚ ¥mans inhumanity to man ¡Ã‚ ¦. To a great extent, this author would rely upon the aforementioned information to convince this CEO that he had ethical responsibilities. In the United States along, particularly over the past year, corporate responsibility has been given a tremendous amount of attention. Herein lay an analogy to the global marketplace, only in this case, there are many billions of peoples ¡Ã‚ ¦ lives at stake. I would also want to try to convince this CEO why he should be more democratic in terms of his business dealings as one member of a global business community. I believe that it is increasingly good business to be able to label oneself as  ¡Ã‚ §globalized ¡Ã‚ ¨, a term that this author just coined but I do believe that some sort of logo can be established as a selling point and also for the good of humanity. There exists other problematic areas that could and should be addressed. Many of these are environmental in nature and affect everyone, such as global warming. The regulation of carbon dioxide emissions under the Kyoto Protocol will have severe consequences on U.S. business despite assurances by the Clinton Government, as was reported approximately six years ago (1998). The forced reduction of emissions would ravage not only the utilities but also other sectors, such as the aluminum and iron smelting, automobiles, paper and pulp, and oil refining industries. Worse, only the U.S. may suffer because other countries, particularly developing ones, such as China and Brazil may decide not to comply with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. They resist emissions trading and do not want their energy use curtailed to reduce their carbon dioxide emissions. Despite these, it appears that the protocol will be enforced soon enough, with the next round of talks to take place in Buenos Aires. Finds and sanctions are expected to be established there. At this point, this author should like to interject that finds and sanctions could also be inclusive of a larger global program a ddressing the problems associated with globalization as this author has already delineated. Champions of the Kyoto Protocol say curbing carbon emissions will ensure a safer, more prosperous future for all. But if developing countries do not go along with it, Kyoto could put the bite on U.S. GDP.  ¡Ã‚ §We cannot understate the impact that the regulation of carbon dioxide emissions under the Kyoto Protocol will have on American business. Cutting emissions to meet Kyoto goals would devastate not only utilities, but also a whole host of other industries, including aluminum and iron smelting plants, paper and pulp manufacturers, oil refining and automobiles, ¡Ã‚ ¨ says Fred Palmer, CEO of Western Fuel Associates, a large cooperative of coal burning electric utilities. Direct energy costs are likely to soar by at least 50%. (Bailey, 1998, Pg. 8) The fact is that global warming is everyone ¡Ã‚ ¦s problem. While we are not experiencing horrific and immediate problems right now, the co ncern of a global warming rose early when computer climate models predicted that the Earth ¡Ã‚ ¦s temperature might rise between five and nine degrees over the next century. The long range impact for this is known by scientists, all to be completely damaging, yet, there are many unknowns, or factors for which scientists have not considered and for which this world is in no way prepared. I would try to convince this CEO that his children and his children ¡Ã‚ ¦s children will be the object of avoidance of ethical responsibility if  ¡Ã‚ §we ¡Ã‚ ¨ all (globally) do not take more of an interest with commensurate action. The problem, as I see it, and I would share with the CEO of the multinational corporation with whom I am speaking, is that many of the dangers we are aware of, as well as their solutions, are without teeth. We are part of a world community and to quote Senator Hillary Clinton,  ¡Ã‚ §It takes a village ¡Ã‚ ¨. It might seem like a daunting task to ensure that eight thousand individual sales representatives of decorative gifts and accessories for the home understand and abide by their company ¡Ã‚ ¦s ethical codes, according to Joey Carter, president and CEO of Home Interiors and Gift Inc., who explained that it is a matter of incorporating the DSA codes with his company ¡Ã‚ ¦s own code of ethics.  ¡Ã‚ §For purposes of recruiting, it is important that we take about our company ¡Ã‚ ¦s inventory buy back policy and explain our fair earnings claims, which describe realistically what someone should expect to earn for a given effort, ¡Ã‚ ¨ says Carter. This is one example of eth ics in business, however, the greater problem is indeed global, and by exercising ethics, this is in fact good business, as I would try to convince the CEO with whom I am speaking. DFA ¡Ã‚ ¦s President Neil Offen, in face-to-face meetings himself, spends a lot of time promoting code of ethics and their self-regulatory aspects to government and the private sector.  ¡Ã‚ §Right now the European Commission is looking at integrating ethical codes into law under a duty-to-trade-fairly initiative pending in Brussels, ¡Ã‚ ¨ he says. The World Federation of Direct Selling Associations, which globally represents the direct selling industry, conducts a world congress once every three years as well, with the association subsidizing travel expenses for code administrators to attend. (Schweitzer, 2003, Pg. 20) Many strong and relevant points have been made by commissions who have been acutely aware of this ever growing problem and global disparity. For example, the ILO Declaration of Fundam ental Principles and Rights at Work adopted in 1998 could not be clearer:  ¡Ã‚ §The effective recognition of the right to collective bargaining and the elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation, ¡Ã‚ ¨ (ILO, 1998, Paragraph 2). Are both so central to the ILO’s Social Justice Mandate and Decent Work Agenda that they are two of the four fundamental principles which members of the ILO have a  ¡Ã‚ §good faith obligation to respect, to promote, and to realize ¡Ã‚ ¨. On equal access to collective bargaining is a challenge to equality, and this is now a universal problem, not just something that America has known particularly in the early twenties, and technically right up to the present. This broad view of equality draws upon the deeply egalitarian convictions that characterize the quest for social justice throughout the world of work. It also focuses on the purpose of protection against discrimination, namely to affirm the equal worth and dignity of all human beings. It seeks in ensure that equality, whose fundamental nature is recognized within the ILO’s normative universe and beyond is also a reality in working peoples’ lives. A purposive approach is required given the mandate in the ILO Constitution and in its normative system to include all workers, thereby affirming their equal worth and dignity. Unequal access to collective bargaining represents the major challenge to equality, one that the declaration calls on the ILO and its constituency to address. (Sheppard, 2003, Pg. 13) The International Labor Review is concerned with (as its namesake indicates) the international community. As has been reiterated previously, the push is on for financial and social parity for all members of the world community. To this extent, the international business community has a responsibility which, increasingly, universal organizations, those that are situated around the world, as well as the United Nations are increasingly moving towards a code of equality which will mandate the kind of economic parity that is the antithesis of globalization as has been protested (and described earlier in this research paper). Ultimately, I would tell this CEO that it is good business to get on the ground floor of being one who is aware of globalization and global parity in this now new millennium. REFERENCES Bailey, Ronald, The High Cost of Kyoto Protocol on Carbon Dioxide Emissions ¡Ã‚ ¨, Chief Executive (U.S.), 1, June, 1998, P. 8. Fitzgerald, Peter L., Massachusetts, Burma, and The World Trade Organization: A Commentary on Blacklisting, Federalism, and Internet in the Global Trading Era ¡Ã‚ ¨, Cornell International Law Journal, 1, January, 2001, P. 11. Jett, Charles C., Critical Skills and the CEO, Chief Executive (U.S.), 1, April, 1993, P. 22. Schweitzer, Carole, Putting Teeth Into Ethical Practices: Good Behavior Starts At The Top, Association Management, 1, January, 2003, P. 20. Sheppard, Colleen, Collective Bargaining and Equality: Making Collections, International Labor Review, 22, December, 2003, P. 13. Research Papers on International Business and GlobalizationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemDefinition of Export QuotasEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever Product

Paraphrasing#2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paraphrasing#2 - Essay Example The readings are then to be taken using a multi-meter. Resistors in circuit one had all currents through the same because they were connected in series. In a series connection, voltage is divided among all the components. Resistors in circuit two had equal voltage through them because they were in a parallel connection. This is because current flowing through them is the same. In circuit three, R2 and R3 were in parallel hence equal voltage through them. The last circuit four had had R1 and R5 resistors in a series arrangement hence equal current through them. From the experiment’s results, the function generator produced square waves. It displayed in the form of waves as seen in the oscilloscope. The wave measured 3Vpp and 1.0 KHz and had the shape of a saw tooth. The experiment’s aim was to make a voltage divider in the multisim. The voltage divider was to equally divide circuit one into two parts. Circuits two and three were to be divided into three and four parts respectively. In the first circuit, currents I1 and I2 were equal. Vi1 and V2 were also equal since the connection was series. In circuit two, the voltage divider we designed divided the voltage of 12v three times and verified that by measuring with a multi-meter. In circuit three, we again verified that the voltage divider had divided the 12v. In circuit one, we determined the voltages Va, Vb, Vc Vac, and Vbc using readings from the multi-meter. The current I2 and source current Is3 were also determined. In circuit two, current through the 10ÃŽ © resistor was also determined. In the last circuit three, a nodal analysis was applied in the circuit. The objective was to examine the prototype board and use the multi-meters provided to measure the resistance, current, and DC current through the circuit. Using the oscilloscope, we were also to measure Ac voltage. Finally, we have to create voltage from the generator provided. Based on the experiment’s objectives, we

Brown Vs The Board Of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Brown Vs The Board Of Education - Essay Example The deciding factors in this case not only concerned children and their education but was also influenced by the fact that there was a human tendency to prejudge and discriminate against others based on their ethnic or religious culture as well as their physical characteristics. The impact of the decision in this case was felt in many social situations and was not limited to education and children. Although Brown v Board of Education is widely recognised for the way that segregation in schools was overruled this was not the first legal challenge on such a policy. In 1849 the case of Roberts v City of Boston was brought by African Americans were racial segregation had been mandated in certain schools. Social reform and the Civil Rights Movement were a direct result of the Brown case and the notion of democracy was enforced as pertaining to all individuals. Although the decision in Brown was given in 1954 it was a further ten years before the ruling was applied in the Deep South. The i mpact of this delay is that male workers who finished their education before segregation was stopped were less well educated then those whose education occurred after desegregation. Although Brown is largely responsible for the abolition of racial disparities in schools these had already started to disappear twenty years before this case . Large scale desegregation in the Deep South did not take place until ten years after the decision in Brown and was part of the U S commission on Civil Rights 1967 .

News Write- Ups Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

News Write- Ups - Case Study Example The alleged stabilization of the global economy by IMF has been achieved through efforts from both the U.S and Europe. The stabilization became apparent through economic indicators in the U.S that seemed more positive or optimistic while, on the side of Europe, the measures that had currently been undertaken in Greece demonstrated perceptible recovery. Learning and Benefits In view of the news article, I have managed to understand that the global economy has had numerous problems in the recent past. However, the economic crisis at international level has stabilized after prolonged periods of backdrop since the problem invade the global economic system. According to the news, the world has the grounds to be optimistic although there is no guarantee regarding financial security. This is because other principal economic and financial threats still challenge the current state of the global economy. According to IMF chief, certain risks still exist in a global economy with the leading bei ng massive debts that emanate from the public and private domain. In addition, augmenting oil prices offer substantial risk to the growth of the global economy in diverse ways. The only way to tackle the threats is addressing the matters that pose the greatest risks. Source: Edwards, N. and Qing, K. G. (Mar 18, 2012). Global economy on recovery path, risks remain: IMF chief. Reuters. Retrieved from: News write-up 2 Summary Stocks have assumed a downward trend for the next five days indicating the longest slide down in this year. The problem has occurred at a period that has seen persistent European debt and at the commencement of tentative corporate earnings. This implies that the problem is a triple tragedy within the country considering all the problems hitting the economy. The backdrop in stock has seen numerous falls in stock exchange earnings, in Europe. Companies from that have recently swept the markets have considerably lost out in the stocks slide down. Connection The losi ng splash is speculated to have commenced on the previous Tuesday after the Federal Reserve admitted to being concerned about the vigor of job augmentation, and asserted that it was not obligated to offer additional or supplemental assistance for the financial system. Unlike other companies, Alcoa presented promising quarterly results in terms of profits and sales. However, their success has been attributed to cost-cutting through layoffs some of their workforce. Investors in the U.S were astonished with the performance since they expected backdrops similar to those from companies in Europe. Most European companies experienced backdrops in the five days since the stock commenced the losing trend. Learning and Benefits In view of the news article, various factors have contributed to the recent stock slide down the most imperative factors being the debts that emanate from borrowing. The article presents the idea that Spain and Italy has recently accumulated numerous borrowing costs. I n fact, Spain’s borrowing expenditures almost reached extents that would otherwise pressurize other nations to request for bailouts. The stocks slide down has caused Dow to move approximately 550 points below its previous levels. In Spain and France, the falls approximated 400 pints, which is

Concepts of Scarcity and Choice

Concepts of Scarcity and Choice Economics can be defined as the study of the practical science of production and distribution of wealth ( J S MILLS). The objective of all persons is to earn money by working in order to satisfy their wants. Unfortunately people earnings are never enough in order to satisfy their unlimited wants as there is a lack of resources in terms of workers, raw materials, time, and money in order to produce all the products that we would like to acquire which causes the problem of scarcity. SCARCITY AND CHOICE Scarcity is a relative concept that is resources are scarce relatively to unlimited wants. The problem of scarcity exists in all dimensions that are in terms of individual, society as well as countries. For example as far as individual is concerned in search of improving our standard of living we are always striving to have better and more luxurious shelter, latest fashion clothing, full option types of transport, better health care etc but due to limited resources we cannot satisfy all these wants and in terms of countries Governments are always having difficulties in choosing where to invest there are too many necessities to fulfill due to lack of resources. As a result of scarcity each and every person as well as the Government needs to make a choice so that the limited available resources is used efficiently. OPPORTUNITY COST As a result of the lack of resources and the problem of scarcity, we have to choose and decide which products or services are most important for us to buy with the limited amount of money we earn and which ones are less important that we could forego. As in define by Susan Grant Opportunity cost is the cost of a decision in terms of the best alternative given up to achieve it. Say if I have one hour free time during which I can either go the cinema or at the seaside, if I choose going to the cinema then the next best alternative forgone is going at the seaside. Quantity of Good X Given a production point on a PPC (A). If a country chooses to produce more of good X- in other words moving to point B on the PPC, this can only be possible by decreasing resources out of the production of good Y to the production of good X, implying a reduction in the quantity of Y produced. Therefore in order to produce more of good X, a country needs to give up some amount of good Y. In other words there is an opportunity cost of producing more of good X. Opportunity cost of producing X X1 of good X= Y Y1 of good Y. Micro Economics Micro Economics is the study of the behaviors of individuals and companies in line with income, profits, prices of available goods and services. These behaviors are directly related to supply and market as well as taxes and regulations impose by the Government. For example in the case of an individual Micro Economics examines how the latter make decisions on which products or services to buy depending on his income and as regards to a company it is the study of how the decision makers minimize production cost so as to offer competitive prices on the market. Macro Economics Macro Economics, on the other hand is the study of economics at a larger scale that is how a national economy works and its direct impact on growth in national income, employment and price inflation. In other words Macro Economics can be explained as the global decision making of the Government and its impact on aggregate demand. For example, macroeconomics would look at how an increase/decrease in net exports would affect a nationsÂÂ  capital account or how GDP would be affected by unemployment rate. (http://www.investopedia.com). TASK 2 How demand curve is derived. In order to determine how a demand curve is derived we need to know what demand is. Demand is the willingness of potential consumers to buy goods and services at different level of prices. Figure 2 shows a demand curve The figure below shows what the demand for apple at different prices is. The curve illustrates that when Price of an apple is at $1 demand is 53 Price of an apple is at $2 demand is 38 Price of an apple is at $3 demand is 27 Price of an apple is at $4 demand is 17 Price of an apple is at $5 demand is 10 Thus we can deduce that normally the lower the price of an apple is offered at the higher is the demand and conversely the higher price of an apple is offered at the lower is the demand. Demand is inversely related to price that is in this case demand of the apple is inversely related to price of the apple. Normally producers of a specific product need to study the demand curve of that product so as to decide the number of unit to produce taking into consideration production cost. With regards to demand producers will produce the product in demand provided The amount of a particular economic good or service that a consumer or group of consumers will want to purchase at a given price. The demand curve is usually downward sloping, since consumers will want to buy more as price decreases. Demand for a good or service is determined by many different factors other than price, such as the price of substitute goods and complementary goods. In extreme cases, demand may be completely unrelated to price, or nearly infinite at a given price. Along with supply, demand is one of the two key determinants of the market price. 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Essay --

Bullying has become an epidemic among schools. With increased technology children can now continue to bully others from their home. The rise in availability has increased bullying and made the effects more damaging. However, while the victim is important, studying them will cause little to no decrease in bullying. Therefore, it is more important to study the offender. While the most common reason for bullying is often thought of to be power, recent studies have shown that bullying is related to personality. Sociologist believe that our personality is made up by one’s experiences with their world. This may be why scientist are arguing that the bully personality is an â€Å"evolved adaptation,† (Book, 2011, p. 218). This paper will attempt to establish the personality of a bully, where that personality stems from, and how the problem of bullying can be ceased. Bullying can be related to a DNA mutation, an accident. However, if the carrier of the mutation reprod uces and spreads that mutation, it will evolve into a human trait. Although the mutation is now multiplying, it can sti...